不重要日記彙整-3
以下心得匯整來自李家同教授的
(專門為中國人寫的英文文法)---有興趣可以買來看!
以下內容為個人匯整後或部分自編或部分抄錄自原作
此僅為讀書心得日記故並不開放轉寄複製
現在完成式
狀態組成:verb have+ 過去分詞 (V3)
所有的動詞都有3各時態就像神奇寶貝也有3階
第一階 原形動詞V1 也就是原形的第一態
第二階 原形動詞的過去式V2 也就是長大的
第三階 稱為過去分詞V3 就等於進化完成
就當背神奇寶貝圖鑑一樣.動詞的進化表也需要了解
Ex:
V1 come V2 came V3 come
V1 see V2 saw V3 seen
V1 do V2 did V3 done
V1 draw V2 drew V3 drawn
V1 leave V2 left V3 left
V1 write V2 wrote V3 written
V1 swim V2 swam V3 swum
V1 eat V2 ate V3 eaten
V1 break V2 broke V3 broken
V1 sing V2 sang V3 sung
還很多其他的自己要翻一下字典!
另外在第一篇裡面有提到have後面絕不是加原形動詞記起來沒?
所以在這邊就可以想一下不同人稱的時態have/has~~
註:其他的助動詞後面幾乎都是加原形動詞(再複習一下)
那什麼時候用過去式?何時用現在完成式?
基本上可以這樣定義
現在完成式大約是用在這幾樣前提
1).事件從過去延續到現在(簡單說就是有對比)
Ex:句子後面有since/ for/never/ever/for 等等
A: 自從1975年以後,我就住在這裡
I have lived here since 1975
B: 他練習網球已經四年了。
He has already practiced tennis for four years.
C: 自從我是一個小孩子,我就喜歡搖滾樂
I have loved rock and roll music since I was a child.
2).強調已經完成的事情(別忘記我們在練習現在完成式)
A: 我已經收到了你的信
I have already received your letter.
B: 雖然他很年輕,但他已寫了三本小說
Although he is young, he has written three novels.
C: 我打了二次電話給他,他都沒有回答
I called him twice, he has never answered.
3).表示ㄧ種經驗
A: 我未曾見過雪
I have never seen snow.
B: 你登過玉山嗎
Have your ever climbed the Jade Mountain?
C:我有生以來沒有跳過舞
I have never danced in my life
4).表示ㄧ件過去常發生的事情
A:過去ㄧ年我看過3次鐵達尼號
In the past year, I have seen “The Titanic” three times.
B:他今年已經發表了3篇論文
He has already published three papers this year.
因此我們可以發現~~
過去式 和 現在完成 到底要怎麼分?
過去式: 在句子中講一件完成的事情且有指定特定時間
EX:我昨晚寫好我的功課
I wrote/finished my homework last night.
Ex:當我還小的時候我就學英文了
I learned/studied English when I was a small child.
Ex:我昨天去了教堂
I went to the church yesterday.
簡單說過去式就是有時間約定!
現在完成式
Ex:我已經寫好我的功課 (強調完成事情)
I have finally written/finished my homework.
Ex:我從小就學英文(事件從過去延續到現在)
I have studied English since I was a small child.
Ex:我曾經去過教堂 (表示ㄧ種經驗)
I have ever been to the church.
Ex:今年我國已經有兩次颱風 (表示ㄧ件過去常發生)
We have already had two typhoons so far this year.
來我們來自我催眠~~ 現在完成
因為和以前比(表示ㄧ件過去常發生)
我們多了很多初體驗(表示ㄧ種經驗)
那怕以前不懂事(事件從過去延續到現在)
只要肯努力就能成功(強調完成事情)
當然也要來各大混戰~~~測驗
將以下句子譯成英文,全部用現在完成式
1.自從1980年,我就每天早上游泳
I have swum every morning since 1980
2.我已收到了你的信 I have received your letter.
3.我從未去過美國 I have never been to America.
4.從他是一個小孩開始,他就是一個基督徒
He has been a Christian since he was a child.
5.我見過你的祖父 I have seen your grandfather.
6.你的弟弟一直住在這裡
Your younger brother has always lived here
7.我終其一生都愛你的 I have loved your all my life
8.我已吃過飯了 I have eaten
9.今年我去過海灘三次 I have been to the beach three times this year.
10.他教英文很久了 He has taught English for a long time.
11.我已寫了三封信給他,他都沒有回
I have already written three letters, he didn’t reply.
大混戰二
有的用過去式,有的用現在完成式
1.昨天我去看〝亂世佳人〞(Gone with the Wind)。(過去式)
I went to see Gone with the Wind yesterday.
2.我從未看過〝亂世佳人〞。 (現在進行式手則3從過去到現在)
I have never seen Gone with the Wind.
3.去年,我住在美國。 (過去式) I lived in America last year.
4.自從1985年,我就一直住在美國。(現在進行1)
I have lived in America since 1985.
5.他從未去過英國。(現進2) He has never been to England.
6.他已經完成了報告。(現進4) He has finished the report.
7.我昨天晚上完成了報告。(過去) I finished the report last night.
8.昨夜,我見到了你的父親。(過去) I saw your father last night.
9.我已經見過你的父親好幾次了。(現進2)
I have already seen your father so many times.
10.我終生都住在台北。(現進3) I have lived in Taipei all my life.
填充
1. I had become(become) a Christian when I was a child.
(過去式)表示過去的事情
2. I have been(be) a Christian all my life.
(現進3 從過去到現在)
3. He has lived(live) here since 1939.
(現進3 從過去到現在)
4. Stop eating now. You have eaten(eat)too much. (現進2 表示ㄧ種經驗)
5. It rained(rain) last night. (過去—單一時間)
6. John is a writer. He has written(written) thirteen novels. (現進3)
7. Last night, I saw(see) your father for the first time in my life. (過去)
8. I talked(talk) to my father last night. ((過去—單一時間)
9. Since 1961, I have been(be) a teacher. Before that, I (be) a student.
(現進3 從過去到現在)
10. I have read(read) many novels written by Charles Dickens.
(現進3 從過去到現在)